(S) -2,6-BIS-TERT-BUTOXYCARBONYLAMINO-HEXANOIC ACID ingasetshenziswa njenge-organic synthesis ephakathi nendawo yezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwelabhorethri nenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali.
I-Amphetamine, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-amphetamine, iyisikhuthazi sesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuntula ukunakwa kwe-hyperactivity disorder, i-narcolepsy, kanye nokukhuluphala."I-Amphetamine" igama elisuselwa ku-alpha-methylphenethylamine.Ama-amphetamine atholakala ngo-1887 AD esesimweni sama-enantiomers amabili abizwa nge-L-dioptera kanye ne-dextroamphetamine.Ukunemba, i-amphetamine isho ikhemikhali ethile.Kuyifomu le-amine elihlanzekile le-racemic (isisekelo samahhala), elilingana nama-enantiomers amabili e-amphetamine: ifomu le-amine elimsulwa elinamanani alinganayo e-L-amphetamine ne-dextroamphetamine.Kodwa-ke, igama elithi amphetamine lisetshenziswe ukusho noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yama-amphetamine enantiomers, nanoma iyiphi i-isomer.Ama-amphetamine ayesetshenziswa esikhathini esidlule ukwelapha ukuminyana kwamakhala nokucindezeleka.Ngezinjongo ezingezona ezokwelashwa, ama-amphetamine aphinde asetshenziswe njengezithuthukisi zomzimba, ama-nootropics, ama-aphrodisiacs kanye nezidakamizwa ze-euphoric.Ama-amphetamine angumuthi ogunyazwe ngudokotela emazweni amaningi.Kodwa-ke, ukusatshalaliswa kwangasese kanye nokuqoqwa kwama-amphetamine kuthathwa njengokungekho emthethweni ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okusetshenziselwa izinjongo okungezona ezokwelashwa kanye nezingozi ezisobala zezempilo.
Umuthi wokuqala owasetshenziswa kuma-amphetamine kwakuyiBenzedrine.Namuhla, ama-amphetamine okwelapha akhona ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: i-racemic amphetamine, i-Adderall, i-dextroamphetamine, noma isidakamizwa esandulela i-lysine mesylate.Ama-amphetamine enza kusebenze ama-trace amine receptors (TAAR1) ngokwenza ama-catecholamine neurotransmitters, i-norepinephrine ne-dopamine, ngaleyo ndlela andise umsebenzi wama-monoamine neurotransmitters nama-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni.
Ngemithamo yezokwelapha, ama-amphetamine angaletha izinguquko esimweni sengqondo nokusebenza kokuphatha, njengokukhuphuka kwenjabulo, ukuguqulwa kwe-libido, ukuphaphama okwandisiwe, kanye nokuvela komsebenzi ophezulu ebuchosheni.Izimpendulo zomzimba ezishintshwe ama-amphetamine zihlanganisa isikhathi esincishisiwe sokuphendula, ukunciphisa ukukhathala, nokwanda kokukhuthazela kwemisipha.Ukungeniswa kwama-amphetamine ngale kwebanga lomthamo wezokwelapha kungaholela ekusebenzeni kabi kwengqondo kanye ne-rhabdomyolysis, ukungeniswa kwama-amphetamine kude kakhulu nebanga lomthamo wezokwelapha kungaholela ekubeni umlutha wezidakamizwa, futhi ukungenwa kwama-amphetamine kude ngale kwebanga lomthamo wezokwelapha. kungaholela ekuguleni kwengqondo (isb, ukuduka, i-paranoia).Kodwa-ke, ukudliwa isikhathi eside kwama-amphetamine ngemithamo yezokwelapha akubangeli lezi zifo.Ama-amphetamine athathelwe ukuzijabulisa ngokuvamile adlule ububanzi bemithamo yezokwelapha, anemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebulalayo.